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One of the unique features of the Indian legal system is the existence of personal laws that govern matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, maintenance, and succession according to religious customs and beliefs.The conflict arises when certain religious practices or personal laws discriminate against women and deny them equal rights. In such situations, the judiciary is often required to balance religious autonomy with constitutional morality and gender just

The Indian Criminal justice system has traditionally been characterized by a strong adherence to procedural discipline. Appellate courts, within this framework, have historically functioned as bodies tasked with reviewing decisions based on specific grounds raised by the parties. However, recently, the judiciary, particularly the Supreme Court, has begun to emphasize that appellate courts are not merely passive reviewers but active instruments of justice.

Obscenity law in India operates at a complex intersection of constitutional morality, freedom of expression, and evolving cultural standards. With the rapid expansion of digital media, including stand-up comedy, online music platforms, and OTT streaming services, the traditional understanding of obscenity has been significantly challenged. This paper critically examines the legal framework governing obscenity in India.

The Sabarimala Temple Entry Case has once again become a subject of national discussion, not because a new judgement has been delivered, but because the issues arising from it remain unresolved before a larger bench of the Supreme Court of India. The “reference” in the context is crucial – it signifies that the court itself is reconsidering broader constitutional questions linked to religious practices and gender equality.

Religion has always been one of the most powerful forces shaping human civilization. It provides identity, moral guidance, and a sense of belonging. However, history also shows that religion, when misused, can become a source of conflict, discrimination, and even violence. Religious Crimes refer to acts that either target religious beliefs, symbols, or communities, or misuse religion to justify unlawful behaviour.

This paper provides a comparative analysis of preventive detention laws and also examines the preventive detention principle, sections and its interpretation. Moreover, it also covers the ambit, jurisdiction and authority of the act.