In an age where every whisper becomes a headline and every trial a live broadcast, the courtroom of law often finds itself overshadowed by the court of media. The rise of “media trials” — where public opinion precedes judicial pronouncement — has deeply unsettled the foundations of fair justice. While the Constitution of India grants freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a), this freedom was never intended to override the presumption of innocence and the rig

The tension between personality rights and freedom of speech represents one of the most significant challenges in constitutional and media law today. On one hand, freedom of speech under Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution is the bedrock of democracy, ensuring public debate, critique, and creative expression. On the other, personality rights, though not expressly codified, are recognized under Article 21 as part of the right to life, dignity, and privacy.